News you won't see in controlled mainstream media.

Saturday, October 08, 2005
US Martial Law and Detention Camps....

US Martial Law and Domestic Detention Camps as of December 1, 2004

In the event of civil insurrection or physical resistance to U.S.
government policies, the official machinery is now in place for swift
containment of areas of insurrection by U.S. military forces, to include the
various State National Guards, Special Forces and Military Police units.

It is to be stressed that while these plans, which have been maturing
since the Reagan Administration and are now fully functional, are only
contingency plans. It would require a Presidential Order to activate them.

When President Ronald Reagan was considering invading Nicaragua he
issued a series of executive orders that provided the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) with broad powers in the event of a "crisis" such
as "violent and widespread internal dissent or national opposition against a
US military invasion abroad". They were never used.

But recent pronouncements by Bush's now-retired domestic security
chief Tom Ridge and an official with the U.S. Civil Rights Commission should
fire concerns that these powers could be employed or a de facto drift into
their deployment could occur

On July 20, 2002, the Detroit Free Press ran a story entitled "Arabs
in US could be held, official warns". The story referred to a member of the
U.S. Civil Rights Commission who foresaw the possibility of internment camps
for Arab Americans. FEMA has practiced for such an occasion.

FEMA, whose main role is disaster response, is also responsible for
handling US domestic unrest. From 1982-84 Colonel Oliver North assisted FEMA
in drafting its civil defense preparations. Details of these plans emerged
during the 1987 Iran-Contra scandal. They included executive orders
providing for suspension of the constitution, the imposition of martial law,
internment camps, and the turning over of government to the president and
FEMA

A Miami Herald article on July 5, 1987, reported that the former FEMA
director Louis Guiffrida's deputy, John Brinkerhoff, handled the martial law
portion of the planning. The plan was said to be similar to one Giuffrida
had developed earlier to combat "a national uprising by black militants". It
provided for the detention "of at least 21 million African-Americans" in
"assembly centers or relocation camps."

Currently, Brinkerhoff is with the highly influential Anser Institute
for Homeland Security. Following a request by the Pentagon in January 2002
that the U.S. military be allowed the option of deploying troops on U.S.
streets, the institute in February 2002 published a paper by Brinkerhoff
arguing in defense of the legality of this. He alleged that the Posse
Comitatus Act of 1878, which has long been accepted as prohibiting such
deployments, has simply been misunderstood and misapplied. The preface to
the article also provided the revelation that the national plan he had
worked on, under Giuffrida, was "approved by Reagan, and actions were taken
to implement it".

By April 2002, the US military had created a Northern Command to aid
Homeland defense. Reuters reported that the command is "mainly expected to
play a supporting role to local authorities." However, Ridge, the Director
of Homeland Security, has just advocated a review of U.S. law regarding the
use of the military for law enforcement duties

Disturbingly, the full facts and final contents of Reagan's national
plan remain uncertain. This is in part because President Bush took the
unusual step of sealing the Reagan presidential papers, to specifically
include the documentation on the declaration of martial law in the United
States and its implementation, after he took over the presidency in November
2001. However, many of the key figures of the Reagan era are now part of the
present administration, including John Poindexter, to whom Oliver North
later reported.

At the time of the Reagan initiatives, the then attorney-general,
William French Smith, wrote to the national security adviser, Robert
McFarlane: "I believe that the role assigned to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency in the revised Executive Order exceeds its proper function
as a co-coordinating agency for emergency preparedness ... this department
and others have repeatedly raised serious policy and legal objections to an
'emergency czar' role for FEMA."

Criticism of the Bush Administration's response to September 11 echoes
Smith's warning. On June 7 2002, Nixon's former presidential counsel John
Dean spoke of the U.S. sliding into a "constitutional dictatorship" and
martial law as a result of the September 11, 2001 events.

In a revealing admission the Director of Resource Management for the
U.S. Army confirmed the

validity of a memorandum relating to the establishment of a civilian
inmate labor program under development by the Department of the Army. The
document states, "Enclosed for your review and comment is the draft Army
regulation on civilian inmate labor utilization" and the procedure to
"establish civilian prison camps on installations." Cherith Chronicle, June
1997.

Under President Bush's "National Strategy For Homeland Security", FEMA
will be placed under the Office of Homeland Security. Both Homeland Security
and the Department of Defense planned to participate "in homeland security
training that involves military and civilian emergency response", provoking
comparison to Rex-84. And now, the Bush administration is moving to give
FEMA disturbing new responsibilities.

Earlier, President Bush had ensured there would be no current FBI/FEMA
conflict, mandating that FEMA work closely with the DOJ (of which the FBI is
part), creating what Bush called a "seamlessly integrated" network. With
this bond between FEMA and the DOJ, the Administration effectively voided
the inter-departmental checks which stopped FEMA's earlier abuses.

According to the Department of Homeland Security, FEMA "will continue
to change the emergency management culture from one that reacts to
terrorism, to one that proactively helps communities and citizens avoid
becoming victims". Paradoxically, FEMA's prior debacle was a direct
outgrowth of its pursuit of proactive methods, its attempt to legitimize the
assumption of extraordinary powers under the very cloak of "counter
terrorism".

Civilian internment camps or prison camps, more commonly known as
concentration camps, have been the subject of much rumor and speculation
during the past few years in America. Several publications have devoted
space to the topic and many talk radio programs have dealt with the issue.

However, Congressman Henry Gonzales (D, Texas) clarified the question
of the existence of civilian detention camps. In an interview the
congressman stated, "the truth is yes - you do have these stand by
provisions, and the plans are here...whereby you could, in the name of
stopping terrorism...evoke the military and arrest Americans and put them in
detention camps."

Currently (December, 2004), President Bush and Homeland Security have
authorized preliminary studies for the rapid construction of a National
Detention Center Program-controlled series of detention centers, to be added
to the existing 600 units now in place

The Department of Homeland Security is consulting with an Israeli
company, Israeli Prison Systems, Ltd. for the expedited construction of
modular internment camps' Interment Camps' generally located in rural and
relatively uninhabited areas throughout the Continental United States and
Alaska. .

A Brief History of U.S. Civilian Internment Camps

The concept of mass internment camps was implemented during the decade
of the 1930's when the idea was either integrated into national security
planning or put to actual use in the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany and the
United States under Roosevelt.

On August 24, 1939, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover met with President
Franklin Roosevelt to develop a detention plan for the United States

On August 3, 1948, J. Edgar Hoover met with Attorney General J. Howard
McGrath to form a plan whereby President Truman could suspend constitutional
liberties during a national emergency. The plan was code-named "Security
Portfolio" and, when activated, it would authorize the FBI to summarily
arrest up to 20,000 persons and place them in national security detention
camps. Prisoners would not have the right to a court hearing or habeas
corpus appeal. Meanwhile, "Security Portfolio" allowed the FBI to develop a
watch list of those who would be detained, as well as detailed information
on their physical appearance, family, place of work, etc

Two years later Congress approved the Internal Security Act of 1950
which contained a provision authorizing an emergency detention plan. Hoover
was unhappy with this law because it did not suspend the constitution and it
guaranteed the right to a court hearing (habeas corpus). "For two years,
while the FBI continued to secretly establish the detention camps and work
out detailed seizure plans for thousands of individuals, Hoover kept
badgering...[Attorney General McGrath for] official permission to ignore the
1950 law and carry on with the more ferocious 1948 program. On November 25,
1952, the attorney general...caved in to Hoover."

Congress repealed the Emergency Detention Act of 1950 more than twenty
years later in 1971. Seemingly the threat of civilian internment in the
United States was over, but not in reality. The Senate held hearings in
December, 1975, revealing the ongoing internment plan which had never been
terminated. The report, entitled, "Intelligence Activities, Senate
Resolution 21", disclosed the covert agenda. In a series of documents, memos
and testimony by government informants, the picture emerged of the designs
by the federal government to monitor, infiltrate, arrest and incarcerate a
potentially large segment of American society.

The Senate report also revealed the existence of the Master Search
Warrant (MSW) and the Master Arrest Warrant (MAW) which are currently in
force. The MAW document, authorized by the United States Attorney General,
directs the head of the FBI to: "Arrest persons whom I deem dangerous to the
public peace and safety. These persons are to be detained and confined until
further order." The MSW also instructs the FBI Director to "search certain
premises where it is believed that there may be found contraband, prohibited
articles, or other materials in violation of the Proclamation of the
President of the United States." It includes such items as firearms,
short-wave radio receiving sets, cameras,

propaganda materials, printing presses, mimeograph machines,
membership and financial records of organizations or groups that have been
declared subversive, or may be hereafter declared subversive by the Attorney
General."

Since the Senate hearings in 1975, the steady development of highly
specialized surveillance capabilities, combined with the exploding
computerized information technologies, have enabled a massive data base of
personal information to be developed on millions of unsuspecting American
citizens. It is all in place awaiting only a presidential declaration to be
enforced by both military and civilian police.

In 1982, President Ronald Reagan issued National Security Directive 58
that empowered Robert McFarlane and Oliver North to use the National
Security Council to secretly retrofit FEMA (Federal Emergency Management
Agency) to manage the country during a national crisis. The 1984 "REX
exercises" simulated civil unrest culminating in a national emergency with a
contingency plan for the imprisonment of 400,000 people. REX 84 was so
secretive that special metal security doors were installed on the FEMA
building's fifth floor, the center of the project, and even long-term
officials of the Civil Defense Office were prohibited entry. The ostensible
purpose of this exercise was to handle an influx of refugees created by a
war in Central America, but a more realistic, and well-documented, scenario
was the detention of rebellious American citizens.

Under "REX" the President could declare a state of emergency,
empowering the head of FEMA to take control of the internal infrastructure
of the United States and suspend the constitution. The President could
invoke executive orders 11000 thru 11004 which would:

2- Draft all citizens into work forces under government
supervision.

3- Empower the postmaster to register all men, women and
children.

4- Seize all airports and private and commercial aircraft.

5- Seize all housing and establish forced relocation of
citizens.

A Listing of U.S. Presidential Executive Orders Relating to Domestic
Martial Law:



Executive Order Number
Meaning

10900
Allows the government to take control over all modes of
transportation, highways, and seaports.

10995
Allows the government to seize and control the communication
media.

10997
Allows the government to take over all electrical power, gas,
petroleum, fuels, and minerals.

10998
Allows the government to take over all food resources and farms.

11000
Allows the government to mobilize civilians into work brigades
under government supervision.

11001
Allows the government to take over all health, education, and
welfare functions.

11002
Designates the Postmaster General to operate national
registration of all persons.

11003
Allows the government to take over all airports and aircraft,
including commercial aircraft.

11004
Allows the Housing and Finance Authority to relocate communities,
build new housing with public funds, designate areas to be abandoned, and
establish new locations for populations.

11005
Allows the government to take over railroads, inland waterways,
and public storage facilities.

11051
Specifies the responsibility of the Office of Emergency Planning
and gives authorization to put all Executive Orders into effect in times of
increased international tensions and economic or financial crisis.

11310
Grants authority to the Department of Justice to enforce the
plans set out in Executive Orders, to institute industrial support, to
establish judicial and legislative liaison, to control all aliens, to
operate penal and correctional institutions, and to advise and assist the
President.

11049
Assigns emergency preparedness function to federal departments
and agencies, consolidating 21 operative Executive Orders issued over a
fifteen year period.

11921
Allows the Federal Emergency Preparedness Agency to develop plans
to establish control over the mechanisms of production and distribution, of
energy sources, wages, salaries, credit and flow of money in the U.S.A.
financial institution in any undefined national emergency. It also provides
that when a state of emergency is declared by the President, Congress cannot
review the action for six months.




FEMA, whose secret budget is part and parcel of the Department of
Defense, has worked closely with the Pentagon in an effort to avoid the
legal restrictions of Posse Comitatus. While FEMA may not have been directly
responsible for these precedent-setting cases, the principle of federal
control was seen during the Los Angeles riots in 1992 with the
federalization of the National Guard and during the siege at Waco, where
Army tanks equipped with flame throwers were involved in the final
conflagration.

The Deputy Attorney General of California commented at a conference
that anyone who attacks the State, even verbally, becomes a revolutionary
and an enemy by definition. Louis Guiffreda, who was head of FEMA, stated
that "legitimate violence is integral to our form of government, for it is
from this source that we can continue to purge our weaknesses."

It is significant to note that the dictionary definition of
terrorism - "the calculated use of violence" - corresponds precisely to the
government's stated policy of "the use of legitimate violence." One might
ask, who are the real terrorists? Guiffreda's remark gives a revealing
insight into the thinking of those who have been charged with oversight of
the welfare of the citizens in this country. If one's convictions or
philosophy does not correspond with the government's agenda, that individual
may find himself on the government's enemy list. This makes him a "target"
to be "purged" by the use of "legitimate violence."

President Regan signed Presidential Director Number 54 in April of
1984 that allowed FEMA to activate a secret national readiness exercise.
This exercise was given the code name REX 84. The purpose of the exercise
was to test FEMA's ability to assume military authority. REX 84 was so
highly guarded that special metal security doors were installed on the fifth
floor of the FEMA building in Washington, D.C. securing the area in which
the REX Operational Center was centered.

The exercise required the following:

a.. Suspension of the Constitution of the United States

b.. Turning control of the government over to FEMA

c.. Appointment of military commanders to run state and local
governments

d.. Declaration of Martial Law

To combat possible domestic civil disturbances, national leaders
apply the minimum force necessary to help local and loyal authorities
restore law and order. Leaders and Soldiers remain aware that the media
often covers civil disturbances. Even when not covered, these disturbances
are opportunities to shape the information environment positively toward the
US forces and government.

Combating these disturbances may involve the following:

Maintain the essential distribution, transportation, and
communications systems.

a.. Set up roadblocks.

b.. Cordon off areas.

c.. Make a show of force.

d.. Disperse or contain crowds.

e.. Release riot control agents only when directed to do so. (Only
the President can authorize US forces to use riot control agents.)

f.. Serve as security forces or reserves.

g.. Initiate needed relief measures, such as distributing food or
clothing, or establishing emergency shelters.

h.. Employ nonlethal munitions and equipment.

The media, print and broadcast (radio, television and the Internet),
play a vital role in societies involved in a counterinsurgency. Members of
the media have a significant influence and shaping impact on political
direction, national security objectives, and policy and national will. The
media is a factor in military operations. It is their right and obligation
to report to their respective audiences on the use of military force. They
demand logistic support and access to military operations while refusing to
be controlled. Their desire for immediate footage and on-the-spot coverage
of events, and the increasing contact with units and Soldiers (for example,
with embedded reporters) require commanders and public affairs officers to
provide guidance to leaders and Soldiers on media relations.

However, military planners must provide and enforce ground rules to
the media to ensure operations security. Public affairs offices plan for
daily briefings and a special briefing after each significant event because
the media affect and influence each potential target audience external and
internal to the AO. Speaking with the media in a forward-deployed area is an
opportunity to explain what our organizations and efforts have accomplished.

Continuous PSYOP are mounted to-

a.. Counter the effects of insurgent propaganda.

b.. Relate controls to the security and well-being of the
population.

c.. Portray a favorable governmental image.

Control measures must-

a.. Be authorized by national laws and regulations

b.. Be tailored to fit the situation (apply the minimum force
required to achieve the desired result).

c.. Be supported by effective local intelligence.

d.. Be instituted in as wide an area as possible to prevent bypass
or evasion.

e.. Be supported by good communications.

f.. Be enforceable.

g.. Be lifted as the need diminishes.

h.. Be compatible, where possible, with local customs and
traditions.

i.. Establish and maintain credibility of local government.

The media-the printed medium, radio, television, and the Internet-have
a vital role in societies directly and indirectly involved in
counterinsurgency. The news media and other information networks' increasing
availability to societies' leadership, bureaucracies, and populace means
members of this news and communication medium have a significant impact on
political direction, achieving national security objectives, policy
formation, and national will. Media scrutiny of military operations,
journalists' desire for immediate footage and on-the-spot coverage of
confrontational events, and the increasing contact with units and Soldiers
(including embedded reporters) require that commanders and public affairs
officers provide guidance to leaders and Soldiers on media relations. The
media affect and influence each potential target audience and personnel
external and internal to the AO. Speaking with the media in a secured
domestic area is an opportunity to explain what our organizations and
efforts have accomplished, but be prepared to field questions regarding
perceived negative impacts also.

In addition to these general guidelines, leaders should always consult
the public affairs office guidance related to the current operation.

Points to Remember When Doing Media Interviews What to Do When the
Media Visits Your AO:

a.. Be relaxed, confident, and professional.

b.. Be concise: think about what you will say before you speak

c.. Avoid using colorful or profane language.

d.. Stay in your lane. Confine your discussions to areas in which
you have firsthand knowledge or where you have personal experience

e.. Deal in facts--avoid speculation and hypothetical questions

f.. Label your opinions as opinions. Don't get into political
discussions.

g.. Stay on the record. If you say it, they'll print it.

h.. Don't discuss classified information.

i.. Don't argue with the reporter. Be firm, and be polite.

j.. Speak plainly. Don't use military slang or jargon.

k.. Protect the record. Correct the "facts" if they are wrong.

l.. Do not threaten the media representative.

m.. Politely move the media to an area out of harm's way where they
do not interfere with the performance of the mission.

n.. Notify the senior person present so he/she can determine what
the media wants.

o.. Cooperate with the reporter within the limits of OPSEC and
safety.

p.. If there are OPSEC or safety concerns that make the interviewing
or filming impossible at this time, let the reporter know up front.

q.. At no time should a media representative's equipment be
confiscated. If you feel a security violation has occurred, notify your
chain of command.

r.. If you have problems with the media, don't get emotional.
Report the incident through the chain of command to the area public affairs
officer.

Relocating Populations

The most severe of the restrictive measures, is accomplished when-

Wide dispersion of the population prevents effective defense, internal
security, and control.

Requirements exist to evacuate or populate selected areas.

Leaders can contribute to the implementation of this technique by
providing assistance in the following areas:

PSYOP to prepare the population for relocation.

Defense during relocation. If relocation is combined with the defended
urban area technique, the leader can further assist, once relocation is
completed. Logistic requirements-such as subsistence, transportation, and
medical assistance -to facilitate movement and relocation of the population
and their possessions.

The state first decides upon its goal (restoration of legitimate
government writ), then, produces a plan to accomplish that end. All elements
of national power are assigned their roles in carrying out the plan. The
government establishes the legal framework and command and control (C2)
mechanisms to enable the plan to be implemented.

The legal framework normally includes a series of extraordinary
measures that are associated with emergency situations, or even martial law.
It will frequently expand military powers into areas delegated solely to the
police in "normal times."

Historically, effective C2 architecture has involved setting up local
coordinating bodies with representation from all key parties. This local
body directs the counter-insurgency campaign in the AO concerned, though one
individual will have the lead. Minimally, such a coordinating body includes
appropriate representatives from the civil authority, the police, the
intelligence services, and (though not always) the civil population. The
most effective use of coordinating bodies has given permanent-party
individuals (for example, district officers) responsibility for
counterinsurgency C2 in their AOs and control over civil or military assets
sent into their AOs. Reinforced intelligence bodies, in particular, have
been assigned as permanent party. Involvement of local officials and
civilians can defeat the insurgents' attempt to undermine the political
system.

Military and police forces must be the most visible force to the
people. Security forces sent into an area to engage in counterinsurgency
perform as follows:

Strategically, they serve as the shield for carrying out reform. It is
imperative that military and police forces protect the populace and defend
their own bases while simultaneously fighting an insurgency.

Operationally, they systematically restore government control.

Tactically, security forces eliminate insurgent leadership, cadre, and
combatants, through death and capture, by co-opting individual members, or
by forcing insurgents to leave the area. This is analogous to separating the
fish from the sea. The local populations (that also provide the insurgent
mass base) are then secure and able to engage in normal activities. The
forces also assist with civic action projects.

These actions convey to the people a sense of progress and concern by
the government. See: FM 3-19.40 (19-40). Military Police
Internment/Resettlement Operations. 1 August 2001.

There over 600 official detention camps now designated in the United
States, all fully operational and ready to receive prisoners. They are all
staffed by full-time guards, but they are, at present, not occupied.

These camps are to be operated by FEMA (Federal Emergency Management
Agency) should Martial Law need to be implemented in the United States.

Operations Cable Splicer and Garden Plot are the two sub programs
which will be implemented once the Rex 84 program is initiated for its
proper purpose.

a.. Garden Plot is the program to control the population.

b.. Cable Splicer is the program for an orderly takeover of the
state and local governments by the federal government. FEMA is the executive
arm of the coming police state and thus will head up all operations. The
Presidential Executive Orders already listed on the Federal Register also
are part of the legal framework for this operation.

c.. The camps all have railroad facilities as well as roads leading
to and from the detention facilities. Many also have an airport nearby. The
majority of the camps can house a population of 20,000 prisoners. Currently,
the largest of these facilities is just outside of Fairbanks, Alaska. The
Alaskan facility is a massive mental health facility and can hold
approximately 2 million people.

d.. The counterinsurgency plan analyzes the basis of the insurgency
in order to determine its form, centers of gravity, and insurgent
vulnerabilities. These dictate the most effective type force to employ
(either police, militia, and military; or primarily military and police).

The counterinsurgency plan details the scheme to reclaim what has been
lost and establish priority of effort and timelines. Concurrently, it
outlines how the government intends to secure the critical infrastructure of
the state and the government's centers of power.

ARMY SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES

Within a joint force, ARSOF assets (less PSYOP and CA units) are
ordinarily attached to and under OPCON of a designated joint special
operations task force (JSOTF) commander. The special operations command and
control element (SOCCE) assists the JSOTF commander in fulfilling the
supporting or supported commander responsibilities. A SOCCE is based on a
special forces operational detachment-B and is augmented with a special
communications package and personnel as required. It may include a ranger
liaison officer, PSYOP and CA representatives, and special operations
aviation personnel. The SOCCE is normally collocated at corps level and
above, with smaller liaison teams operating at division level and below. The
supported unit provides the SOCCE administrative and logistic support.

The SOCCE is the focal point for ARSOF coordination and
synchronization with conventional forces. At corps level, the SOCCE
coordinates with the corps operations center, fire support element, deep
operations coordination cell, and battlefield coordination detachment to
deconflict targets and operations. It provides ARSOF locations through
personal coordination and provides overlays and other friendly order of
battle data to the fire support element and battlefield coordination
detachment. The SOCCE can exercise C2 of designated ARSOF units when the
JSOTF commander determines the need.

SPECIAL FORCES LIAISON ELEMENT

A special forces liaison element is a special forces or joint special
operations element that conducts liaison between US conventional forces,
division-level headquarters, and subordinate brigades and battalions.

PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS

.Commanders employ PSYOP (as an element of IO) to influence target
audience behaviors that support US national policy objectives. Planning
includes personnel with expertise in the region's culture. PSYOP missions
roles include-

a.. Influencing the attitudes and behaviors of foreign populations.

b.. Advising commanders of target restrictions during the targeting
process (planning for application of effects) to minimize reactions that may
adversely affect PSYOP objectives.

c.. Providing public information (in coordination with the public
affairs office) to foreign populations to support humanitarian assistance
and to restore or maintain civil order.

All forces assigned an AO or function should determine which
departments and agencies are assisting in that AO and coordinate actions so
that there is no duplication of effort. Such departments, councils and
agencies include-

a.. National Security Council.

b.. Department of Defense.

c.. Department of State.

d.. Department of Justice.

e.. Department of the Treasury.

f.. Department of Homeland Security.

g.. Department of Agriculture.

h.. Department of Commerce.

i.. Central Intelligence Agency.

j.. Department of Transportation.

Various governmental departments directly administer or support other
governmental agencies. Examples of these US agencies are-

a.. US Agency for International Development.

b.. The US Coast Guard (under Department of Homeland Security).

c.. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (under Department of
Justice).

d.. Immigration Customs Enforcement (under Department of Homeland
Security).

e.. Federal Communications Commission.

Security and defense begin concurrently with, or immediately
subsequent to, offensive operations. Security of urban centers and defense
of key infrastructure are pre-requisites to beginning offensive operations.
The entire political administrative unit (State. County, city or
incorporated area), as well as each individual community, must be secured
all the time. In areas under insurgent influence, it will be necessary to
construct defenses around existing urban areas and concentrate rural
populations into defendable population units. Normally, this will be
accomplished concurrently with counterinsurgency operations, environmental
improvement, and population and resource control programs. Techniques for
securing and defending the AO include establishing defended urban areas and
relocating populations

ORGANIZING FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT

A successful counterinsurgency depends ultimately and initially on a
legitimate and effective justice program integrating law enforcement, the
judiciary, and a penal system. The existing justice program may be limited
by capability (leadership and training), resources, or corruption, and
require direct or indirect efforts to support or even reestablish police
services, courts, and prisons. Such efforts must be coordinated with the
country team and closely synchronized with other civil-military actions. The
responsibility for these efforts may fall initially on US military assets
during the initial stages of an operation or when the security situation is
untenable for civilian agencies and contract advisors. The division staff
judge advocate and provost marshal may require additional technical support
from judge advocate and military police assets (for example, administrative
and criminal law experts, criminal investigators, and corrections
specialists) to support local-, regional-, or national-level justice
programs, while setting the conditions for transfer of support to other US
governmental or international agencies.

Support to the judiciary may be limited to providing security to the
existing courts. To avoid overcrowding in police jails, the courts must have
an efficient and timely magistrate capability, ideally co-located with
police stations and police jails, to review cases for trial.

Support to the penal system may be limited to monitoring conditions
and adherence to basic humanitarian standards or require more comprehensive
support to reestablish all levels of incarceration and a rehabilitative
programs. Points to remember:

a.. Local jails are typically co-located with police stations and
administered by the lo-cal police to hold suspected criminals until a
magistrate determines whether there is sufficient evidence for trial.

b.. Regional jails are typically run by prison officials to hold
detainees referred to trial, but not convicted. Pretrial detainees should
not be incarcerated with convicted criminals.

c.. Prisons hold convicted criminals and are typically designed and
divided to address level of inmate risk (high, medium, and low),
rehabilitative programs (e.g., violence, drug addiction, sex crimes), and
the separation of genders and juvenile offenders.

CORDON AND SEARCH

Cordon and search is a technique used by military and police forces in
both urban and rural environments. It is frequently used by
counterinsurgency forces conducting a population and resource control
mission against small centers of population or subdivisions of a larger
community. To be effective, cordon and search operations must have
sufficient forces to effectively cordon off and thoroughly search target
areas, to include subsurface areas. PSYOP, civil affairs, and specialist
interrogation teams should augment cordon and search forces to increase the
effectiveness of operations. Consider the following when conducting cordon
and search operations:

Allocate ample time to conduct thorough search and interrogation of
residents of affected areas.

Operations should be rehearsed thoroughly, whenever possible.

Firm but fair treatment must be the rule. Every effort must be made to
avoid any incident that results in unnecessarily alienating the people.

Cordon and search operations may be conducted as follows:

a.. Disposition of troops should-

b.. Facilitate visual contact between posts within the cordon.

c.. Provide for adequate patrolling and immediate deployment of an
effective reserve force.

Priority should be given to-

a.. Sealing the administrative center of the community.

b.. Occupying all critical facilities.

c.. Detaining personnel in place.

d.. Preserving and securing all records, files, and other archives.

Key facilities include-

a.. Administrative buildings.

b.. Police stations.

c.. News media facilities.

d.. Post offices.

e.. Communications centers.

f.. Transportation offices and motor pools.

g.. Prisons and other places of detention.

h.. Schools.

i.. Medical facilities.

Search Techniques include-

a.. Search teams of squad size organized in assault, support, and
security elements. One target is assigned per team.

b.. Room searches are conducted by two-person teams.

c.. Room search teams are armed with pistols, assault weapons, and
automatic weapons.

d.. Providing security for search teams screening operations and
facilities.

Pre-search coordination includes-

a.. Between control personnel and screening team leaders.

b.. Study of layout plans.

c.. Communications, that is, radio, whistle, and hand signals.

d.. Disposition of suspects.

e.. On-site security.

f.. Guard entrances, exits (to include the roof), halls, corridors,
and tunnels.

g.. Assign contingency tasks for reserve.

h.. Room searches conducted by two- or three-person teams.

i.. Immobilize occupants with one team member.

j.. Search room with other team member.

k.. Search all occupants. When available, a third team member should
be the recorder.

l.. Place documents in a numbered envelope and tag the associated
individual with a corresponding number.

SCREENING AND DOCUMENTING THE POPULATION

Screening and documentation include following:

a.. Systematic identification and registration.

b.. Issuance of individual identification cards containing-
A unique number.
Picture of individual.
Personal identification data.
Fingerprints.

c.. An official stamp (use different colors for each administration
region).

d.. Family group census cards, an official copy of which is retained
at the local police agency. These must include a picture and appropriate
personal data.

e.. Frequent use of mobile and fixed checkpoints for inspection,
identification, and registration of documents.

f.. Preventing counterfeiting of identification and registration
documents by laminating and embossing.

Programs to inform the population of the need for identification and
registration.

Covert surveillance is a collection effort with the responsibility
fixed at the intelligence/security division or detective division of the
police department. Covert techniques, ranging from application of
sophisticated electronics systems to informants, should include-

a.. Informant nets. Reliability of informants should be verified.
Protection of identity is a must.

b.. Block control. Dividing a community or populated area into zones
where a trusted resident reports on the activities of the population. If the
loyalty of block leaders is questionable, an informant net can be
established to verify questionable areas.

The key to success is effective and actionable intelligence at the
local level. Many insurgents

are "local boys" swept up in the excitement of the moment. Others are
outsiders, easily identified by the locals. In either case, when insurgents
overplay their hand and place the community at risk, it is likely local
personnel will identify these insurgents to the authorities. This
information may lead to the development of sound intelligence, enabling
commanders to focus operations toward specific objectives.

Planning, preparing, executing, and assessing counterinsurgency
operations adhere to several fundamentals. While many apply to conventional
operations, others are counterinsurgency- specific.

Cameras co-located with MASINT systems, such as REMBASS, and activated
when those systems are triggered can give the commander additional "eyes on"
named areas of interest without wasting manpower by continuously staffing an
observation post in those locations.

Providing patrols with a digital camera or video camera can greatly
assist in the debriefing process and allow the intelligence staff personnel
to make their own judgments about items of interest that the patrol reports.
Videotaping of events, such as a demonstration, can allow analysts who were
not on the scene to identify key elements, leaders, and potential indicators
to help preclude future incidents. Gun-camera images from aircraft that can
provide a stand-off reconnaissance platform may give valuable insight into
enemy TTPs.

Thermal sights on a vehicle patrolling an urban street late at night
may note the hot engine of a vehicle on the side of the road, possibly
indicating suspicious activity. Military police forces provide a robust and
dynamic combat capability during a counter insurgency.

Military police Soldiers possess the diverse mobility capabilities,
lethality in weapons mix, and trained communications skills to operate in
any environment. The actions of the 18th Military Police Brigade supporting
Operation Iraqi Freedom demonstrate the diversity and flexibility of
military police functions. These Soldiers conducted over 24,000 combat
patrols; processed over 3,600 enemy prisoners of war, detainees, and
insurgents; confiscated over 7,500 weapons; and trained over 10,000 Iraqi
police officers. Military police patrols came under direct or indirect
attack over 300 times throughout the operation.

The five military police functions-maneuver and mobility support
operations, area security, police intelligence operations, law and order,
and internment/resettlement operations- all apply to counterinsurgency
operations.

MILITARY WORKING DOGS

Military working dogs are a largely untapped resource. Dogs are
trained in many skills, some of which can make a difference between success
and failure of many combat missions. Dogs are trained for patrolling,
searching buildings, scouting, or explosive detection. All of these skills
compliment performing the five military police functions. The ability of
dogs to detect an ambush and to find an explosive device planted by
insurgents can be critical to the overall success of the mission. The use of
military working dog teams to increase combat potential and enhance response
shortages is limited only by a lack of training on how to employ dogs. Dogs
cannot be used as a security measure against detainees. They can be used to
reinforce security measures against penetration and attack by enemy forces.
Some examples of employment techniques are-

a.. Perimeter patrolling.

b.. Main supply route patrolling.

c.. Security of designated personnel, units, or facilities.

d.. Use during checkpoints and roadblocks.

e.. Enemy prisoner of war, detainee, and insurgent control.

f.. Mine and tunnel detection.

g.. Area reconnaissance operations.

TYPES OF CROWDS

There are four types of crowds:

a.. Casual crowd. Required elements of the casual crowd are space
and people.

b.. Sighting crowd. Includes casual crowd elements and an event. The
event providesthe group's common bond.

c.. Agitated crowd. Possesses the three elements of the sighting
crowd plus the element of emotion.

d.. Mob. Characterized by hostility and aggression. A mob is an
agitated crowd involved in a physical activity.

To control the mob requires simultaneous actions. The primary goal is
to reduce the emotional levels of the individuals within the mob. This
action will de-escalate the aggressiveness and potential violence of the
crowd. Physical force of some type may be necessary to quell the
disturbance.

CROWD LEADERSHIP

Leadership affects greatly the intensity and direction of crowd
behavior. A skillful agitator

can convert a group of resentful people into an angry mob and direct
their aggression and anger toward the control group. The first person to
start giving clear orders authoritatively is likely to be followed. Radical
leaders can easily take charge, exploit the crowd's mood, and direct it
toward a convenient target.

It is important to note that the leader of the crowd or group does not
necessarily fit into one category. The leader may be combative, vocal, or
seemingly low-key and may change roles as needed. Properly identifying the
leader of an angry or potentially violent group and skillfully removing the
leader without causing additional violence is key to defusing a potentially
dangerous situation.

CROWD TACTICS

Crowd tactics can be unplanned or planned, violent or not. The more
organized and purposeful a crowd becomes, the more likely the tactics used
will have been planned. Organized mobs will try to defeat the control force
by employing several different types of tactics.

These tactics include-

a.. Constructing barricades.

b.. Using Molotov cocktails, rocks, slingshots, and smoke grenades.

Feinting and flanking actions.

Crowd behavior during a civil disturbance is essentially emotional and
without reason. The feelings and the momentum generated have a tendency to
cause the whole group to follow the example displayed by its worst members.
Skillful agitators or subversive elements exploit these psychological
factors during disorders. Regardless of the reason for violence, the results
may consist of indiscriminate burning and looting, or open and violent
attacks on officials, buildings, and innocent passersby. Rioters may set
fire to buildings and vehicles to-

a.. Block the advance of troops.

b.. Create confusion and diversion.

c.. Achieve goals of property destruction, looting, and sniping.
Mobs will often use various types of weapons against authorities. These
include but are not limited to-

d.. Verbal abuse.

e.. Use of perceived innocents or weak persons (such as the elderly,
women and children) as human shields.

f.. Thrown and blunt impact objects (such as rocks, bricks, and
clubs).

g.. Vehicles and other large movable objects.

h.. Firearms, explosives, and other pyrotechnic devices.

TYPES OF RESISTERS

Individuals can be categorized according to what level of force they
can use or what threat they present:

a.. Complacent resisters. Complacent resisters are nonverbal. They
look at you when you talk to them but do not reply in any way. They become
limp when touched or forced to move their body. They can very quickly become
violent and physically combative. Don't underestimate them.

b.. Vocal resisters. Vocal resisters offer a verbal reply and, when
touched, highlight themselves in an effort to gain the attention of the
media.

c.. Combative resisters. Combative resisters pose the greatest
danger to the control force. They are not passive once they are touched.
Place the individual in a prone position, cuff them, and remove them from
the area.

CROWD CONTROL

Leaders choose their options based on an assessment of the crowd.
Leaders select the combination of control techniques and force options they
believe will influence the particular situation most effectively (based on
METT-TC). Leaders choose the response they expect to reduce the intensity of
the situation. Options to consider for crowd control are-

a.. Monitor the crowd to gather intelligence and observe to
determine whether leaders have emerged, volatility has increased, and
movement.

b.. Block the crowd's advance upon a facility or area.

c.. Disperse the crowd in order to prevent injury or prevent the
destruction of property.

d.. Contain the crowd to limit it to the area it is occupying. This
prevents it from spreading to surrounding areas and communities.

CONTAINMENT VERSUS DISPERSAL

Dispersal may result in a crowd breaking into multiple groups, causing
greater problems and continued threat to the control forces. A contained
crowd has a limited duration; their numbers are likely to diminish as
individual needs take precedence over those of the crowd.

Issue a proclamation to assist with dispersing a crowd. A proclamation
officially establishes the illegal nature of a crowd's actions, and it puts
the populace on official notice regarding the status of their actions. If a
proclamation is issued, ensure action is taken to enforce it. Nonaction will
be seen as a sign of weakness.

When issuing a proclamation, remember the following:

a.. Intent cannot exceed response capability.

b.. Do not disclose the type of force/munitions to be used.

CROWD CONTROL TECHNIQUES

. Use the following techniques to control crowds:

a.. Ensure that ROE, levels of force and uses, and the commander's
intent (to include non lethal weapon and lethal options, if necessary) are
clearly understood by all.

b.. Determine in advance the recent psychological characteristics of
demonstrations and mobs.

c.. Identify local officials in advance. Know their office and cell
phone numbers.

d.. Establish command relationships and the authority to fire
nonlethal weapons munitions.

e.. Make an extraction plan and have flexible withdrawal drills.

f.. Always maintain a lethal overwatch of a control force. When
marksmen are deployed, keep them covered and out-of-sight. Designated
marksman teams build confidence in the members of the control force.

g.. Always maintain a reserve force to reinforce the control force.
Hold reserves out-of-sight.

h.. Know who the media representatives are and where they are
located. Ask them in advance the theme of any story and information they are
developing.

i.. Be reasonable and balanced. However, a mob's perceived lack of
risk encourages rioters.

j.. Move the crowd, but don't smash them. They will fight if
smashed.

k.. Maximize distance and barriers between crowd and control
formations. Use nonlethal weapons munitions to create a standoff distance.

l.. If the use of force level escalates to a deadly force, adjusted
aim points (head shots) with nonlethal weapons munitions can produce lethal
effects.

m.. Create nonlethal weapons range cards for static positions.

n.. Consider environmental conditions and their effect on the
performance of less-than-lethal munitions.

o.. Keep in mind the potential for a lethal outcome is possible in
all types of missions.

COMMUNITY MAP

a.. Obtain a map of the area or the community. If no map is
available, draw one to scale. Indicate road networks (include main and
secondary roads).

b.. . Show location of such important places as religious
institutions, schools, community halls, and marketplaces.

c.. Indicate distances to adjacent communities.

d.. Describe what determines the center of the community and what
factors are most important in giving the community its identification.

e.. . Describe the relation of the community as to the political,
trade, school, and religious areas with that of the adjoining communities.

f.. . Describe the weather and terrain features directly affecting
the location or life of the community.

HISTORY (AS IT AFFECTS THE PRESENT SITUATION)

Identify important people and events in the community's history.
Consider the following:

a.. Natural crises in the history of the community.

b.. Incidents giving rise to conflicts or cooperation in the
community.

c.. Immigration and emigration.

d.. Outstanding leaders and famous citizens in the community.

e.. Prior interaction with foreign militaries.

POPULATION

Obtain the following information:

a.. Census.

b.. Common occupations of inhabitants.

c.. Ethnic groups present, if applicable. (i.e., African-American,
Latino, Asian, Other)

COMMUNICATION

Determine how inhabitants, groups, organizations, and governmental
entities communicate within the community and with other communities.
Consider the following:

a.. Transportation (roads, water, rail, air).

b.. Electronic (telephones, television, radio, internet, telegraph).

c.. Printed material (newspaper, posters, magazines).

d.. Mail facilities.

e.. Connections with other communities.

f.. Degree of self-sufficiency or isolation.

COMMUNITY INTEGRATION

Determine the groups or individuals that are independent of the local
government; for example, groups or individuals directly responsible to an
outside or higher government. Determine the effects they have on the
community. Determine the attitude of the local citizens toward these
individuals.

ECONOMIC SITUATION

Consider the following factors when assessing the economic situation:

a.. Natural resources.

b.. Industries. Agriculture.

c.. Crops and products, markets, ownership, and tenancy.

d.. Who are the landlords?

e.. Are they in the community or absentees?

f.. Are there any local merchants? What is their influence on the
community?

g.. Professional (teachers, doctors, ministers).

h.. Credit associations and their relations to the community.

i.. Relative economic status of the people (debt, savings, taxes).

RELIGIOUS SITUATION

Consider the following factors when assessing the economic situation:

a.. Number, make-up, attitude, and membership of each religion/sect.

b.. Buildings and equipment.

c.. Schools run by religious institutions.

d.. Relationship of each religion/sect with the others. Do they
clash or cooperate?

EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Consider the following factors when assessing the influence of
educational organizations:

a.. Schools (number, size, territory served, buildings, equipment,
libraries, and administrative structure).

b.. History (how and by whom were the schools constructed?)

c.. School activities and relation to the community.

VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS

Consider the following factors when assessing the influence of
voluntary organizations:

a.. Number, types, composition of membership, equipment, activities,
and relation to other phases of community life.

b.. Farmers' co-ops (4-H-type organizations, home economic
organizations).

c.. Other occupational groups.

RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

Consider the following factors when assessing the influence of
recreational facilities:

a.. Organizations for recreation (community buildings, athletic
clubs, soccer teams, baseball and football fields and tennis courts).

b.. Traditional forms of and local attitudes toward recreation
needs.

POLITICAL SITUATION

Consider the following factors when assessing the political situation:

a.. Political structure and government (solidarity or strife and
causes).

b.. Dominant personalities.

COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES, CUSTOMS, AND IDEALS

Consider the following factors when assessing the influence of
community activities, customs, and ideals:

a.. Community events other than religious observances.

b.. Community customs or traditions (taboos or social disapprovals)?

c.. Activity characteristics and pastimes.

d.. Community attitudes on all types of progress?

LEADERSHIP

Consider the following factors when assessing the leadership
situation:

a.. Dominant leaders. Family control.

b.. Is leadership representative, democratic, or autocratic?

c.. What is being done by whom to develop newly appointed leaders?

d.. Attitude of people toward old and new leaders.

e.. Motivation-politics, religion, economic power, prestige, or a
combination of these?

CHECKPOINTS AND SEARCHES

Attitude and mindset.

Think of a checkpoint as an ambush position with a friendly attitude.
Trust no one outside of your checkpoint team members while on duty. To
reduce misunderstandings and confusion on the part of the local populace,
recommend posting instructions on signs at the entrances to checkpoints.

Checkpoints site selection should be based on a leader reconnaissance.
The site must allow for a vehicle escape route and include plans to destroy
a hostile element that uses such a route. If the checkpoint is completely
sealed off, insurgents may only penetrate it by attempting to run over or
bypass emplaced barricades.

Duration of the checkpoint may vary from 1 to 72 hours depending on
the purpose of the operation. Checkpoints that are established early,
operate for several hours during periods of peak traffic flow, and then
reposition to a different location may lessen the risk of insurgent attack
and increase the probability of detecting and attacking or capturing
insurgents. Lessons learned from Operation Iraqi Freedom indicate
checkpoints lasting over 72 hours were less effective for reasons related to
predictability and fatigue.

Checkpoints are deliberate and hasty, but always must consist of the
following:<b

Well said!

The source? I don't recall. Sorry.

"Fear none of those things which thou shalt suffer: behold, the devil shall cast some of you into prison, that ye may be tried; and ye shall have tribulation ten days: be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life."
—Revelation 2:10

Russ, guess what bill just got passed last month-secretly behind everyone's backs with absolutely no media coverage until AFTER it was passed?

A bill was passed to give the go ahead for approval to open domestic mail at will. I can see them not only getting paranoid over terrorism with this, but also confiscating herbal items someone may send someone as a gift, etc.

egad, are we in another McCarthy era again?!

Yea, I heard about this. It's amazing and it's going on right in front of everyone.

Thanks for the notice.

Interesting indeed.

Friends of mine worked at the Post Office for years and told me amazing stories of what is going on. One of many memorable things is that brochures sent as notifications of informational rallies (conspiratorial) or religious events were stalled purposefully—sitting in stacks in a mail room—until after the event was over.


This gives me goose-bumps every time I read it...

"If ye love wealth better than liberty, the tranquility of servitude better than the animating contest of freedom, go home from us in peace. We ask not your counsels or your arms. Crouch down and lick the hands which feed you. May your chains set lightly upon you, and may posterity forget that ye were our countrymen."

—Samuel Adams